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Final Exam
How should I study for the cumulative final exam?
In order to avoid overwhelm, break up your studying into small,
manageable chunks. The earlier you start, the better. The best case
scenario is that you start studying for finals well before finals week;
if not, do the best you can to focus on what you need to do to succeed,
and do it. Don't waste valuable time and energy being overwhelmed.
Remember, you have already studied and been tested on most of the
material on your final.
All of the material in the first three exams came from lecture, and/or
your text, the field trip, and an occasional video. Use your study
guides , study your lecture notes, and skim the reading assignments to
review for the final exam material that covers the first three exams.
Most of the last four chapters consists of material that we covered
earlier in the semester...there is little new information.
Read chapters 38, 39, 40, & 41. Use the Summary of Key Concepts
at the end of each chapter to help you focus on important information.
Review your lecture notes. Know the vocabulary from lecture and your
reading...just the same as you have done to prepare for the previous
exams.
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Focus on material that I have stressed in lecture. However, you are
also responsible for the reading. Be sure that you understand the
concepts and vocabulary in those four chapters. (No, you don't have to
know every detail.) Each quarter of the semester will be almost equally
represented on the final.
To test yourself you may want to access the website that coordinates
with your textbook at:
www.prenhall.com/audesirk
Select the appropriate chapters, and explore the resources that you
find most helpful.
As I suggested several weeks ago, you will benefit by making a study
guide for yourself using my study guides for previous exams as an
example. Check the Study Tips page of this website. Also, look at the
discussion section of VOH to see the study guide that some of
your classmates are assembling for the last four chapters. (You may even
want to contribute to it!)
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Field Trip
Is there a parking fee at the Ballona Wetland Restoration
Project?
Yes , the parking meters charge twenty-five cents per
1/2 hour. So you should have three dollars in quarters with you. There
is also a public parking lot which charges a five dollar flat rate. You
might want to bring an extra two dollars just in case.
What is reproductive isolation?
Reproductive Isolation means that two organisms are not
able to successfully reproduce with one another. There are several
different forms of reproductive isolation. We will talk about them in
detail in lecture. Some examples of these are: Temporal Isolation -
which means that one organism is fertile at one time and the other
organism is fertile at a different time, so they are not fertile at the
same time; Structural Isolation - the reproductive organs of the two
individuals to not fit together; Geographical Isolation - some kind of
physical barrier in the environment keeps the two individuals apart ( a
mountain range, a stream, etc.).
Why are human sex cells haploid? Why do they contain 23
chromosomes?
Meiosis occurs in humans and other kinds of
organisms.
When it occurs in humans, each diploid cell that
undergoes meiosis contains 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes + 2 sex
chromosomes).
As a result of meiosis, four haploid daughter cells are formed, the sex
cells, each with 23 chromosomes (22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosomes).
Therefore, at fertilization, the haploid (23N) nucleus of the sperm and
and the haploid (23N) nucleus of the egg fuse to form a diploid
(46N) zygote (which is a fertilized egg that will eventually develop
into a baby, if all goes well).
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What is the process of
cytokinesis and what part does it play with mitosis and meosis?
Please review your text and lecture notes about this topic. A short
answer to this is:
Cell division is dependent upon two processes:
a) the division of the nucleus (by MEIOSIS or MITOSIS)
FOLLOWED BY
b) the the division of the cytoplasm. (CYTOKINESIS)
BOTH are necessary for a cell to divide and form new daughter cells.
Click on the topics below to try these interactive on-line tutorials
about:
a. MITOSIS
and the CELL CYCLE
b. MEIOSIS
Visit the OTHER LINKS page on my website
for course-related tutorials and other valuable information about Bio3.
Genetics Problems
How do you do set up the code for question 2 of the genetics
problems ? If a true breeding white plant is crossed with a
true breeding red plant and result is pink progeny.
This is a case of Incomplete Dominance...we talked about that in
lecture on Wednesday. There is also an example in your textbook that
involves flower color in snapdragons.
Here is the answer to your question:
There are different ways to write the code for this problem. Don't
get hung up on that, just choose one, be consistent, and go for it!
The way I did the example in class was:
R = red flowers,
r = white flowers.
Rr = pink flowers.
(RR = the genotype for true breeding red, rr = is the genotype for true
breeding white, Rr = the genotype for pink)
-or-
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you could choose to use the code used in your textbook:
RR = red, R'R' = white, RR' = pink.
-or-
R1R1 = red, R2R2 = white, R1R2 = pink.
Your example WW = white, RR = red, RW = pink would be fine, just
remember to include both alleles.
(Compare my version of your code to your version of your code)
Be sure you understand how the alleles interact with each other.
In the case of co-dominance, when different alleles for the same
trait are found together in an individual, that individual's phenotype
is intermediate between that of the true breeding red and true breeding
white.
What is coevolution and how does it relate to evolution?
Coevolution is a type of evolution that occurs when members of two
different species interact extremely closely with one another.
The result of this close interaction is that they develop adaptations
that are customized to thier relationship with each other: thus each
species acts as a force of natural selection on the other species.
Example: the Orchid and the Orchid Mantis that you saw in the film.
The insect evolved in such a way that its body shape and color match the
flower on which it lives.
What kind of extra credit projects are acceptable and when can I
do them?
Extra credit projects are available during the entire semester. The
idea is for you to put forth an extra effort to learn more about biology
than what we cover in class
BEFORE YOU START WORK ON AN EXTRA CREDIT PROJECT, YOU MUST DISCUSS THE
PROJECT WITH ME.
FIRST YOU NEED TO GET MY O.K. ON THE CONTENT. THEN YOU AND I WILL
DEVELOP A SPECIFIC PLAN THAT WILL CLARIFY WHAT YOU WILL DO,
HOW YOU WILL DO IT, AND THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF POINTS THAT MAY BE EARNED.
I WILL NOT ACCEPT EXTRA CREDIT PROJECTS IF THEY HAVE NOT BEEN CLEARED
IN ADVANCE THROUGH THIS PROCESS.
Please see me or post messages to VOH to discuss what type of project(s)
interest you.
To get you started, here are some possibilities:
1. Extra readings from books that we don't use in class (you would
write a report about what you read).
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2. Volunteering to help out a local environmental group with one of
their projects and writing a paper about your experience.
3. Doing a series of nature observations and recording the experience
in a journal. (The journal should include both writing and photos)
4. Reading papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and
writing a summary.
5. Writing a research paper about a biology topic that interests you.
This is just a short list to give you ideas...there are other
possibilities. Think about what topics that we cover in class are
especially interesting to you.
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How do I Access Online Lecture Notes on the Darwin Server?
Note: You can only access Darwin from the campus network!
Step 1 (Finding Darwin):
a. Log in to your computer account
b. Press the "Start" button in the lower left hand corner of your screen.
c. Press "Find" then pick "Computer..."
d. Type "Darwin" (without the quotes) and press "Find Now"
e. Darwin should appear near the bottom of the Find Computer window
Step 2 (Finding the correct folder):
a. Double click on "Darwin"
b. Double click on "Data"
c. Scroll down until you find "SPIEGLER_MARCI"and double click on that folder
d. You should now see all the available online lecture notes.
e. Double click on a set of notes to view them
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