Lecture Notes
(Chem. 10)
"Lecture Notes2"
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Molecular Compounds
Molecular compounds do not have ionic character(that applies to some compounds before dissolving in polar solvents).
-Usually both elements are nonmetals.
Chapter 6
Chemical reactions and equations
Chemical reaction:
Reactants -------- > Products
Signs of chemical reaction occuring:
-Changing in color
-Formation of solid (precipitate)
-Formation of gas bubbles
-Emission of light
-The release or evolution of heat
Chapter 7
Molecular Weight and Formula Weight
Returning to chapter 4, study for mole,...
-Each element has its atomic weight in amu.
-A molecule is composed of atoms
Chapter 8
Chemical quantities
-Using balanced chemical equations.
Interpreting a balanced chemical equation:
In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither lost nor gained.
Chemical changes are rearrangements of atom groupings.
Chapter 9
Electron structure of atoms
Light and other form of electromagnetic radiation
Properties of light:
Light has wave properties.
A wave involves vibrations in space and time.
Wave properties of light
Wavelength (l)
The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two successive peaks or between two successive troughs. See Figure 9.5 on page 255.
The unit for wavelength is m, cm, nm (1nm=10-9 m), Ao (1Ao = 10-10 m), mm (1mm = 10-6m).
Wave properties of light
Frequency (v) : The number of wavelengths passing a given point in one second.
The unit of frequency is Hz (cycles per second).Relationships between wavelength and frequency:
As wavelength increases, frequency is decreased and vice versa.
Relationship between wavelength (l) and frequency (v)
l a 1/v
l = c/v c=speed of light
Units:
l in m, v in Hz, c in m/s.
Electromagnetic radiationLight is a form of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic radiation consists of oscillating electric field (E) and magnetic field (M).
The electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of travel of light (wave).
Y is the direction of travel of light. E is on Z axis and M is on x direction.
Separating the light components of white light
White light is a mixture of different waves, each with different color. Each component of white light has its own wavelength (l) and frequency (v).
A rainbow is obtained by passing white light through a prism. Prism can separate the components of white light.
See Figure 9.4 on page 255.