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Ionic Compounds
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Compounds with Hydrogen as the First Element |
Binary Covalent Compounds (contain no metals)
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Binary (HX) |
Oxyanion-containing |
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Rule: Name of cation + name of anion with space between.
Examples: NaCl Sodium chloride
KNO3 Potassium nitrate
Fe(OH)2 Iron (II) hydroxide or Ferrous hydroxide
Al2(SO4)3 Aluminum sulfate
CuCO3 Copper (II) carbonate or Cupric carbonate
(NH4)2Cr2O7 Ammonium dichromate
Note: the name does not indicate the number of cations and anions because there is only one ratio for ions of a given charge to combine to form a neutral compound. |
Rule 1: Name as acid if dissolved in water (aq) Hydro____ Acid
Examples: HCl (aq) Hydrochloric acid
H2S (aq) Hydrosulfuric acid
HBr (aq) Hydrobromic acid
Rule 2: Name as ionic if not dissolved in water
Examples: HCl Hydrogen chloride
H2S Hydrogen sulfide
HBr Hydrogen bromide
Note: HCN is named using these rules. Thus, HCN (aq) is hydrocyanic acid and HCN is hydrogen cyanide. |
Rule: Name as acid if dissolved in water (aq) Names are based on anion names: Hypo___ ous acid ___ous acid ___ic acid Per___ic acid
Examples: HClO (aq) Hypochlorous acid
HClO2 (aq) Chlorous acid
HClO3 (aq) Chloric acid
HClO4 (aq) Perchloric acid
H2SO4 (aq) Sulfuric acid
HC2H3O2 (aq) Acetic acid
HNO2 Nitrous acid
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
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Rules: •Less electronegative element is listed first •Number of atoms of each element is specified by Greek prefixes below (except mono isn’t used for the first element) •Use element name for first element; anion name for second element •Drop the vowel at the end of the prefix if the the second element name starts with a vowel.
Prefixes 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta 6 = hexa 7 = hepta 8 = octa 9 = nona 10 = deca
Examples: CO2 Carbon dioxide
PCl5 Phosphorous pentachloride
P2O5 Phosphorous pentoxide
N2O Dinitrogen monoxide
Note: Some compounds are not named using these rules and must be memorized. Water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) fit into this category. |