1. Types of Discrimination
   1. Unprotected Classifications
      1. Examples
         1. age, income, residence, sexual orientation, etc.
      2. Rational Basis
         1. the classification must be reasonable and related to a legitimate public purpose
   2. Quasi-protected Classifications
      1. Examples
         1. sex (gender), "legitimacy"
      2. Heightened Scrutiny
         1. the classification must directly accomplish an important public purpose
   3. Protected Classifications
      1. Examples
         1. race, religion, national origin
      2. Strict Scrutiny
         1. the classification must be absolutely necessary to a compelling interest
   4. Why are some classifications more protected than others?

   	Unprotected Class	Quasi- Protected Class	Protected Class
   Unprotected Rights	Rational Basis	Heightened Scrutiny	Strict Scrutiny
   Quasi-protected Rights	Heightened Scrutiny	Heightened Scrutiny	Strict Scrutiny
   Protected Rights	Strict Scrutiny	Strict Scrutiny	Strict Scrutiny

2. African American Civil Rights Movement
   1. Pre-Civil War
      1. Missouri Compromise, 1820
      2. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
      3. slavery in New York
   2. Civil War, 1861-65
      1. Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
      2. 13th Amendment (1865)--abolition
      3. "Black Codes"
   3. Reconstruction, 1866-77
      1. 14th Amendment (1868)--citizenship
      2. 15th Amendment (1870)--voting rights
      3. Civil rights laws
         1. 1866 Civil Rights Act
         2. 1870 Enforcement Act
         3. 1871 Anti-KKK Act
         4. 1875 Civil Rights Act
      4. 1876 presidential election
         1. R. B. Hayes (R) v. S. Tilden (D)
         2. Compromise of 1877
   4. Era of "Jim Crow," 1877-1965
      1. Legal and political abuses
      2. Segregation of the races
         1. 1883 Civil Rights cases
         2. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
            1. "separate but equal"
            2. school segregation
      3. Lynching and race violence
         1. between 1882 and 1946, 4,715 recorded lynchings
         2. Marion, Indiana, 1930
         3. 1921 Tulsa riots
   5. Modern Civil Rights Movements
      1. Migration
      2. Marcus Garvey, UNIA
      3. W.E.B. DuBois, NAACP
         1. Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund
         2. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
         3. Brown v. Board of Education II (1955)
            1. "all deliberate speed"
      4. Martin Luther King, Jr., SCLC
         1. 1953 Baton Rouge bus boycott
         2. Rosa Parks and 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott
   6. Sixties
      1. August 1963 March on Washington, D.C.
         1. "I Have a Dream"
      2. November 1963 Assassination of John F. Kennedy
      3. 1964 Civil Rights Act
         1. Title I--voter registration discrimination
         2. Title II--public accommodations
         3. Title V--federal lawsuits against segregated schools
         4. Title VI--Powell Amendment and federal grants/contracts
         5. Title VII--Equal Employment Opportunity
      4. 1965 Voting Rights Act
      5. "Long, Hot Summers," 1964-67
         1. Kerner Commission, 1968
      6. April 1968 Assassination of M. L. King, Jr.
      7. 1968 Fair Housing Act

3. Affirmative Action
   1. Equal Opportunity
      1. statutory basis
      2. permanent
      3. mandatory
      4. fines and quotas
   2. Affirmative Action
      1. executive order
         1. Executive Order 8802 (1941)
         2. Executive Order 10590 (1955)
         3. Executive Order 10925 (1961)
         4. Executive Order 11246 (1965)
         5. "Philadelphia Plan" 1970
         6. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
         7. Wards Cove v. Antonio (1898)
         8. Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)
         9. Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
      2. temporary
      3. voluntary
      4. goals and timetables
   3. Reparations?