1. American Ambivalence
   1. Competence
   2. Responsiveness
2. Systems of Bureaucratic Organization
   1. Federalist System
   2. Jacksonian Patronage
      1. Tammany Hall
      2. James Garfield (R., 1881)
   3. Progressive System
      1. Regulatory Commissions
      2. Merit Civil Service System (Pendleton Act, 1883)
         1. civil service examinations
         2. tenure
            1. malfeasance (abuse of office)
            2. misfeasance (unlawful actions)
            3. nonfeasance (incompetence)
         3. grievances
      3. Office of Personnel Management
      4. Controversy
         1. political bosses
         2. public employee unions
         3. civil rights organizations
         4. the American public
         5. Franklin D. Roosevelt
   4. National Security State